• Financial Equivalents of Life Events

    Willingness to pay to prevent traumatic life events is “the relevant standard” for measuring the hurt they inflict upon a person.

    This is according to Robin Hanson, responding to comments in an earlier article of his (previously) where he suggested that as cuckoldry “is a bigger reproductive harm than rape, so we should expect a similar intensity of inherited emotions about it. If 2+% of women were raped and we had a reliable cheap way to identify the guilty party, don’t you think we’d require that?”

    Many were offended by Hanson’s comparison of the hurt a man has inflicted on him through cuckoldry to the hurt inflicted on a rape victim, so he notes that, according to the aforementioned relevant standard, men seem to hurt more in some situations (divorce, death of a spouse/child, etc.) than women (original article by Paul Frijters), so why not in this situation?

    What’s a marriage worth? To an Aussie male, about $32,000. That’s the lump sum Professor Paul Frijters says the man would need to receive out of the blue to make him as happy as his marriage will over his lifetime. An Aussie woman would need much less, about $16,000.  But when it comes to divorce, the Aussie male will be so devastated it would be as if he had lost $110,000. An Aussie woman would be less traumatised, feeling as if she had lost only $9000. […]  The lifetime boost to happiness that flows from a birth – for the mother around $8700, for the father $32,600. […]  The death of a spouse or child causes a woman $130,900 worth of grief. […] It costs a man $627,300.

    Note(s): It is not clear whether the gender pay gap is taken into consideration in the above calculations.
    It’s also worth noting that if one were to put a financial value on cuckoldry and rape, cuckoldry’s more obvious financial implications (raising another man’s child) must be taken into account (i.e. subtracting it, at least in part, from the figure).
    In this context cuckoldry refers to non-paternity events, rather than just unfaithfulness. With this in mind, I agree with Robin Hanson: “I’d prefer to be raped rather than cuckolded”.

  • Incidence and Prevention of ‘Non-Paternity Events’

    A non-paternity event is a situation whereby the biological father of a child is “someone other than who it is presumed to be”. Typically this involves some form of paternity fraud.

    In one of the most gut-wrenching articles I’ve read in months (due to the many human interest stories in the article, no doubt), the surprising incidence of non-paternity events, and remedies for how to combat the situation, are discussed:

    The most extensive and authoritative report […] concluded that 2 percent of men with “high paternity confidence” — married men who had every reason to believe they were their children’s father — were, in fact, not biological parents. Several studies indicate that the rate appears to be far higher among unmarried fathers. […]

    At a federally convened symposium on the increase in paternity questions, a roomful of child-welfare researchers, legal experts, academics and government administrators agreed that much pain could be avoided if paternity was accurately established in a baby’s first days. Several suggested that DNA paternity tests should be routine at birth, or at least before every paternity acknowledgment is signed and every default order entered.

    The same care that hospitals take ensuring that the right mother is connected to the right newborn — footprints, matching ID bands, guarded nurseries, surveillance cameras — should be taken to verify that the right man is deemed father.

    via Overcoming Bias (Robin Hanson, suggesting that mandatory paternity testing at birth should be introduced, noting how many birth defects with an incidence of far less than 2% are routinely tested for.)

  • Why We Make Lists

    One of the current exhibitions being held in the Musée du Louvre, Paris has been curated by author and consistent top intellectual, Umberto Eco. The Infinity of Lists, as the exhibition is called, looks at the human fascination with lists and how they have progressed cultures.

    What does culture want? To make infinity comprehensible. It also wants to create order — not always, but often. And how, as a human being, does one face infinity? How does one attempt to grasp the incomprehensible? Through lists, through catalogs, through collections in museums and through encyclopedias and dictionaries.

    But why do we feel this need to comprehend and face infinity?

    We have a limit, a very discouraging, humiliating limit: death. That’s why we like all the things that we assume have no limits and, therefore, no end. It’s a way of escaping thoughts about death. We like lists because we don’t want to die.

    Suggesting that Google is “a tragedy” for the young as they lack (or, more correctly, they are not taught) basic information literacy, Eco notes his obvious dislike of rote learning.

    Culture isn’t knowing when Napoleon died. Culture means knowing how I can find out in two minutes. Of course, nowadays I can find this kind of information on the Internet in no time.

    This interview with Der Spiegel ends with a quote I must try to remember:

    If you interact with things in your life, everything is constantly changing. And if nothing changes, you’re an idiot.

  • Newspaper Design Using Web Design Principles

    Earlier this year Swiss newspaper Tages-Anzeiger asked Information Architects, a Japanese-Swiss UX-oriented web design agency, to come up with a pitch for a redesign of their offline newspaper.

    The result is a concept and set of designs that are subtle re-workings of what works for print, integrated with what works online.

    The concept was: Use all knowledge from contemporary user experience design and translate it to paper. Make the paper more usable, think cross media instead of separate media, while using the strength of the paper (pictures, info graphics, nice text) to the max. Keep the look as close as possible to the original brand and change the guts of the design. Make a product that people want to buy because it is more usable that the competitor, not because it wins graphic design prices.

    Basic rule: Ignore all rules of newspaper design to start with and keep only the ones that are useful to the reader:

    1. Optimize text for reading.
    2. Reduction to two fonts.
    3. Scannability and print link.
    4. Order.
    5. Four columns for soft news, five columns for hard news, mixed 4/5 columns for sports. Ragged text for opinion.
    6. Big pictures, big info graphics, use the strength of the paper medium.

    I am reminded of two instances where large information visualisations were prominent on the front page of newspapers: The Independent‘s Middle East ceasefire infographic and a Herald graphic depicting Washington’s $2 billion budget deficit. It works.

    via @mocost

    Update: I knew I had seen this before and knew I hadn’t written about it here on Lone Gunman before. However, thanks must go to Andrew Smith for pointing out in the comments that it was posted here previously: by the erudite Andrew Simone in his guest post, Newspaper.

  • Blogs Designed Like Magazines

    With the blogs of Dustin Curtis, Gregory Wood and Jason Santa Maria as examples (each worthy of your time, by the way), Smashing Magazine looks at blogs designed like magazines,* discussing what these ‘blogazines’ mean for the future of boring blog posts.

    Dustin Curtis had this to say on the drawbacks of designing like this on the web:

    The biggest disadvantage is that CSS and HTML are terrible technologies that weren’t designed for page layout. They were designed for structured content presentation, like for a newspaper, where all the elements throughout the website are the same and are re-used. But I’m trying to make a magazine, where the content and presentation are inextricably mixed and unique.

    * A blog where each post is unique in terms of design and presentation, and where the content and design are one and the same.

    via @mocost

  • Why Pinker and Gladwell Disagree

    If you didn’t already know, Malcolm Gladwell’s latest book, What the Dog Saw, is a collection of his best essays as published in The New Yorker (all of which are available on his site for free, if you prefer to read them there).

    Since its publication, journalists and scientists have been criticising Gladwell over what they perceive as his lack of scientific integrity (in preferring folk wisdom and over-simplifications than fully-researched science journalism).

    The most high profile of these criticisms, and the one that seems to have struck a nerve with Gladwell, comes from cognitive scientist and author Steven Pinker.

    If you want to read more about these criticisms, Seed summarises many of them in an article that looks evenly at the various disagreements and looks at how, in popular science writing, “where statistical rigor is actually applied, it takes the discussion to a level of abstraction that is not useful to the average reader”.

    However I felt the most concise and unbiased conclusion comes from Mind Hacks:

    While the two writers spar over the details, the subtext is that Pinker is a proponent of IQ being a reliable predictor of success with a significant genetic influence (see The Blank Slate) whereas Gladwell has argued that success is largely a combination of practice plus being in the right place at the right time (see Outliers).

    Obviously these two approaches to explaining success don’t sit well with each other, hence, in part, the disagreement.

  • Breeding Trust Through Better Science Journalism

    With a public distrust of scientists comes the idea that “no scientific evidence will ever be compelling”. That’s what we can learn from Creationism, says Andrew Brown, and to solve this distrust we cannot rely on education to help the next generation understand, but instead we must improve science journalism.

    I’m not sure what the answer is, but reasonably certain that it isn’t the public understanding of science as most scientists understand that. What they mean by this is teaching people to think more or less as scientists do about the world. That’s admirable in itself: reasonable numeracy, and some knowledge of statistics and of probability, would hugely improve almost everyone’s life. But it won’t solve the underlying problem of trust.

    via The Browser

  • The End of the Inverted Pyramid

    The inverted pyramid style of reportage is broken, believes Jason Fry, and it is time to reinvent contextless reporting into a more reader-friendly style.

    Fry points to an essential Nieman Reports essay that suggests how context-central reporting could be the future of reporting and a reason why Wikipedia is becoming the destination of choice for those wanting to be informed on current events.

    Ed Yong provides a good summary, introducing it with:

    News journalism relies on a tried-and-tested model of inverted storytelling. Contrary to the introduction-middle-end style of writing that pervades school essays and scientific papers, most news stories shove all the key facts into the first paragraphs, leaving the rest of the prose to present background, details and other paraphernalia in descending order of importance. The idea behind this inverted pyramid is that a story can be shortened by whatever degree without losing what are presumed to be the key facts.

    But recently, several writers have argued that this model is outdated and needs to give way to a new system where context is king.

    via @siibo

  • Fixed-Schedule Productivity: Fix the Schedule, Don’t Compromise

    In a guest post for I Will Teach You To Be Rich, Cal Newport of Study Hacks discusses fixed-schedule productivity: a productivity system whereby you set a schedule of work (and play) between certain hours and stick to it ruthlessly.

    Tim Ferriss aficionados will note that this system relies on a premise that Ferriss heavily depends on:

    Much of the work we do is of questionable importance and conducted at low efficiency. […] If we instead identify only the most important tasks […] and tackle them under severe constraints, we’d be surprised by how little time we actually require.

    The précis of the fixed-schedule productivity system, as used by author Jim Collins:

    Fix your ideal schedule, then work backwards to make everything fit […] around your needs. Be flexible. Be efficient. If you can’t make it fit: change your work. But in the end, don’t compromise.

    Some of you may recognise this: Cal suggested something very similar last year, but on a  grander scale.

    Fix the lifestyle you want. Then work backwards from there.

  • Homeowners and Civil Engagement

    According to The Wall Street Journal, the home buyers’ tax credit initiative (U.S.) was “intended to help spur housing sales” by offering financial incentives to first time home-buyers and certain repeat buyers.

    However the initiative encourages “excess mobility”, suggests Edward Glaeser, a professor of economics at Harvard, and this is something we should not be promoting. Why? Less-mobile homeowners are good citizens due to their greater civic engagement than those who move residence often.

    One of the reasons for subsidizing homeownership is the widely held belief that homeowners are good citizens. Ten years ago, Denise DiPasquale and I wrote a paper investigating the links between ownership and civic behavior. Controlling for income, education, age and other variables, we found that homeowners were 16 percent more likely to vote in local elections, 11 percent more likely to know the name of their member of Congress and 10 percent more likely to say that they have recently worked to help “solve local problems.”

    But we also found that almost one-half of the effect of homeownership disappeared when we controlled for the time that the person had lived in the home. Owners are typically much less mobile then renters, and people who stay put are more likely to become civically engaged.

    If you think that civic engagement is important enough to justify homeownership subsidies, then we certainly shouldn’t be encouraging excess mobility.