First cognitive science, now logic: a list of logical fallacies.
A fallacy is a component of an argument which, being demonstrably flawed in its logic or form, renders the argument invalid in whole.
I prefer the many informal fallacies: an important one of which is that correlation does not imply causation (cum hoc ergo propter hoc); a favourite of which is the gambler’s fallacy.
Also: on logic, I’ve previously written about this list of paradoxes.